"Study the biochemistry of animals or humans."
Why do this course?
- A foundation for studies in life sciences, agriculture, environmental science, health science, etc
- First year credit in a college level diploma
- To better understand your own health
- To improve employment prospects in animal care, farming, fitness, health or related industries
COURSE STRUCTURE
There are 10 lessons as follows:
1. Introduction To Biochemistry
- Basics; atoms, chemical bonds, molecules
- The Periodic Table
- Parts of a Molecule
- Common chemical groups
- Using these groups
- Arrangement of atoms in a molecule
- Chemical Nomenclature
- Hydrocarbons
- Aromaticity
- Organisms and Organic Compounds
- Biochemical Processes in the cell
2. Lipids and Proteins
- Carbohydrates; types
- Hydrolysis
- Carbohydrate Function
- Lipids
- Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- Terminology
- Commercially useful fats and lipids
- Proteins
- Functional Categorisation of Proteins
- Proteins in the human diet
3. Enzymes and Hormones
- Classification of hormones
Endocrine Glands
Enzyme activation
Enzyme deactivation
Digestion
Digestive Enzymes
Digestive Hormones
Enzyme PBL Project
4. Nucleic Acids
- Scope
Nucleotide Structure
RNA
DNA
ATP
ADP
5. Thermo-regulation
- Raising temperature
Lowering Temperature
Effect of Temperature on Enzymes
Sweat Glands
Energy Production
Individual BMR
Fever
6. Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Hyperglycaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Carbohydrate Oxidation
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle
Anaerobic Respiration
Carbohydrate Storage
Absorption of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates in Mammals
Comparing Energy Pathways
The Urea Cycle
7. Absorption
- Digestion
Digestive Enzymes
Chemical Digestion
Absorption
Peristalsis
Gastric, Pancreatic and Intestinal Juices
8. Acidity and Alkalinity
- pH
Measuring pH
Buffers
Animal Acid Base Balance
Acidosis and Alkalosis
Mammalian Buffer Systems
Role of Renal System in Acid Base Balance
9. Chemical Analysis
- Biochemical Testing
- Concentration testing
- Moles and Molarity
- Chromatography
- Spectrophotometry
- Analysis of Biomolecules
- DNA Composition
- RNA Composition
- Protein Composition
- Titration
10. Biochemical Applications
- Environmental and Agricultural Testing
- Medical Science
- Poisons/Toxins
- Cell Structure
COURSE AIMS
- Identify characteristics of common chemical compounds important in animal and human biochemistry.
- Explain the characteristics of major biochemical groups, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
- Explain the characteristics of chemicals which control biological processes in animals and humans, including enzymes and hormones.
- Explain the role of nucleic acids in the biology of animals and humans.
- Explain the role of thermo-regulation in animals and humans.
- Explain the role of carbohydrate metabolism in animals and humans.
- Identify the characteristics of acidity and alkalinity in relation to animals and humans.
- Develop simple chemical analysis skills relevant to testing animals.
- Identify applications and uses for biochemical processes and products.
WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THIS COURSE
- Explain the formulae of ten specified chemical compounds commonly found in animals and humans
- Calculate the percentages of elements contained in two specified chemical compounds
- Differentiate between characteristics of major groups of biochemicals.
- Identify differences between monosaccharides
- Differentiate between plant and animal/human biochemistry, with three examples of biochemical processes unique to eachand polysaccharides
- Differentiate between a fat and an oil
- Explain the characteristics of a specified protein formula
- Compare two fibrous proteins with two globular proteins
- Explain the functions of carbohydrates in animals/humans
- Explain two commercial applications for lipids in the learners chosen industry.
- Explain two commercial applications for proteins in the learner’s industry
- Explain two commercial applications for carbohydrates in the industry the learner’s industry
- Distinguish between an enzyme and a hormone
- Explain how one specific enzyme functions in an animal/human
- Explain how one specific hormone functions in an animal/human
- Explain the relevance of hormones to the learner’s chosen industry sector
- Explain the relevance of enzymes to the learner’s chosen industry sector
- Explain the importance of RNA in animals/humans
- Explain the importance of DNA in animals/humans
- Describe the biological and chemical differences between RNA and DNA
- Explain the role of ATP in providing energy for various cellular activities
- Explain the mechanisms of body heat production in animals/humans
- Describe the homeostatic processes which regulate body temperature
- Explain the mechanisms of body heat loss in animals/humans
- List the main biochemical processes involved in animal/human carbohydrate metabolism
- Explain glycolysis, including the sequence of chemical reactions involved
- Explain the Krebs cycle, including the sequence of chemical reactions involved
- Explain the electron transport chain, including the sequence of chemical reactions involved
- Explain differences in animal/human carbohydrate metabolism for a specified situation
- Explain the processes occurring during the absorptive (fed) state
- Explain the processes occurring during the post absorptive (fasting) state Describe three chemical buffering effects
- Explain the role of pH in the control of respiration
- Explain the importance and methods of pH control of human blood
- Identify factors involved in controlling acidity and alkalinity in a specific case study
- Compare a chemical test kits (eg. indicator strips) with chemical meters (eg. haemoglobin meter)
- Explain the practical applications of various analytical techniques in industry
- Determine the value of analytical techniques used in the learners industry sector
- Differentiate between chemical toxicity and tolerance
- Explain the implications of LD50 characteristics of five different chemical substances
- Explain the implications of half-life characteristics of five different chemical substances
- List the active toxins in ten poisonous plants or animals which commonly occur your locality
- Explain the effects of two naturally occurring toxins on the human body
- Explain the function and use of two different plants as medicines, for humans or animals
- Determine three different applications for animal tissue culture
"Study the biochemistry of animals."
The purpose of this course is to allow you to appreciate the application of biochemistry to your area of applied science, and to use biochemical applications and services in a very practical way in your study area. This course is similar to Biochemistry 1 (Plants) except that it deals with animals. There is no need to complete both courses.
In order to help you get the most out of the course we initially walk you through the fundamentals of chemistry including atomic structure, the periodic table, molecules, nomenclature, organic chemistry and more before investigating common organic compounds such as carbohydrates, lipids and more. Lessons cover: introduction to biochemistry, lipids, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, thermo regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, absorption, acidity, alkalinity, chemical analysis, and industry applications. Learn with highly qualified and experienced tutors the basis of life.
Prerequisites: Some secondary school chemistry will be helpful though it is not essential to success in this course.
