There are 9 lessons in this module as follows:

1. Cellular Physiology

• Membrane transport
• Simple passive transport
• Facilitated passive transport
• Active transport
• Transcription, translation and post transcriptional modification
• Cellular metabolism
• Cellular energy production
• Homeostasis
• Homeostatic balance
• Feedback system
• Body temperature
• Effect of temperature on enzymes
• Adenosine triphosphate
• Glycolysis

2. Histophysiology

• Physiology of tissue
• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Dense connective tissue
• Cartlidge
• Bone tissue
• Bone physiology
• Compact bone
• Spongy bone
• Muscle tissue
• Muscle fibre: filament types
• Nervous tissue

3. Systems Physiology

• Central and peripheral nervous systems
• Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• Sensory, motor and integrated systems
• General senses
• The process of sensation
• Special senses
• Autonomic nervous system
• Autonomic reflexes
• Parasympathetic nervous system
• Sympathetic nervous system

4. Neurophysiology

• Structure of the nervous system
• Parts of a neuron
• Classification of different neurons
• Neuron function
• Action potentials
• Graded potentials
• Synapses: electrical, chemical
• Neurotransmitters
• Neural circuits
• Different functions of the brain
• Homeostatic reflex arc
• Spinal cord and spinal nerves

5. Endocrinology

• Functions of endocrine system
• Actions of hormones
• Hormone target cells
• Anterior pituitary gland hormones
• Actions of posterior pituitary
• Actions of adrenal gland: cortex and medulla
• Pancreatic hormones
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid
• Adrenal glands
• Pancreas
• Hormone receptors

6. Cardiovascular Physiology

• Heart function
• Cardiac cycle
• Heart muscle cell contraction
• Blood vessels
• Blood: regulation, erythrocyte physiology, leucocytes
• Haemostasis
• Lymphatic system
• Blood flow
• Gas transport
• Arterial alveolar gradient
• Oxygen transport
• Factors affecting oxygen release by haemoglobin

7. Immunology

• Immune system structure
• Lymphatic organs and tissues
• Types of resistance
• Non specific cellular and chemical defenses: phagocytes, natural killer cells
• The inflammatory response
• Specific defense mechanisms
• Humoral immunity
• Antibodies
• Antigens

8. Respiratory Physiology

• Respiratory epithelium
• The lungs
• Airway anatomy
• Alveoli
• Nasal and oral cavities
• Larynx, trachea, bronchial tree
• Function of respiratory system
• Pulmonary ventilation
• Lung volumes and capacity

9. Renal Physiology

• Urinary system
• Blood and nerve supply
• Nephrons
• Kidney functions
• Remal processes
• Glomerular filtration
• Electrolyte and Acid base balance
• Tubular reabsorption
• Tubular secretion
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra
• Micturition process

DETAILED CONTENTS:
Cell Physiology – Study of the functions of cells

• Chemical reactions
• Homeostasis, feedback systems, homeostatic imbalances
• Cellular Metabolism
• Membrane Transport

Histophysiology – Study of the functions of tissues

• Muscle filaments and fibres
• Bone Ossification and Growth
• Varieties of Dense Connective Tissue
• Functions of Epithelial Tissue

Systems Physiology - Study of the significant systems and functions of organs

• Autonomic Nervous System
• Dual Innervation and neurotransmitters
• Actions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System
• Peripheral Nervous System
• General senses and their integrative function
• Study of the sensory modalities - smell, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium

Neurophysiology – Study of the functional characteristics of nerve cells

• Structure of the Nervous System
• Myelination
• Resting membrane potentials, ion channels, repolarization
• Classification of different neurons
• Grey/White matter
• Reflexes, reflex arcs and homeostasis
• Action potentials and synapses
• Functions of the cerebral cortex

Endocrinology – Study of hormones and how they control body functions

• Principle functions of the endocrine system
• Physiology of hormones
• Actions of the Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Glands
• Hormone receptors
• Mechanisms of homeostatic action

Cardiovascular Physiology – Study of the heart and blood vessels

• The Cardiac Cycle
• Heart-Muscle cell contraction
• Hemodynamics of blood - volume, BP, capillary exchange
• The Arterial-Alveolar Gradient
• Cardiac Output
• Oxygen Transport

Immunology – Study of the body defense mechanisms

• Non specific cellular and Chemical Defenses
• Functions of White Blood Cells
• The Inflammatory Response
• The Physiology of Fever
• Specific Defense Mechanisms
• Immunity and Antibodies

Respiratory Physiology – Study the functions of the air passageways and lungs

• Pulmonary Ventilation - pulmonary capacity
• Gas Exchange
• Lung Volumes and Capacity
• The Respiratory Epithelium

Renal Physiology – Study of the function of the kidneys

• Structure and Functions of the kidneys
• Nephrons
• Glomerular Filtration
• Renal control of Electrolytes and Acid Base Balance
• Active and Passive Tubular Reabsorption
• Tubular Secretion
• The process of Micturition

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